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Xylophone

The xylophone (from Ancient Greek ξύλον ( xúlon ) 'wood' and φωνή ( phōnḗ ) 'sound, voice'; [1] [2] lit. 'sound of wood') is a musical instrument in the percussion family that consists of wooden bars struck by mallets . Each bar is an idiophone tuned to a pitch of a musical scale , whether pentatonic or heptatonic in the case of many African and Asian instruments, diatonic in many western children's instruments, or chromatic for orchestral use. The term xylophone may be used generally, to include all such instruments such as the marimba , balafon and even the semantron . However, in the orchestra , the term xylophone refers specifically to a chromatic instrument of somewhat higher pitch range and drier timbre than the marimba , and these two instruments should not be confused. A person who plays the xylophone is known as a xylophonist or simply a xylophone player . [3] The term is also popularly used to refer to similar instruments of the...

Guitar

Kata ‘gitar’ atau guitar dalam bahasa Inggris , pada mulanya diambil dari nama alat musik petik kuno di wilayah Persia pada kira-kira tahun 1500 SM yang dikenal sebagai citar atau sehtar. Alat musik ini kemudian berkembang menjadi berbagai macam model gitar kuno yang dikenal dengan istilah umum tanbur. Pada tahun 300 SM Tanbur Persia dikembangkan oleh bangsa Yunani dan enam abad kemudian oleh bangsa Romawi (Bellow, 1970:54-55). Pada tahun 476M alat musik ini dibawa oleh bangsa Romawi ke Spanyol dan bertransformasi menjadi: (1) guitarra Morisca yang berfungsi sebagai pembawa melodi, dan (2) Guitarra Latina untuk memainkan akor. Tiga abad kemudian bangsa Arab membawa semacam gitar gambus dengan sebutan al ud ke Spanyol (Summerfield, 1982:12). Berdasarkan konstruksi al ud Arab dan kedua model gitar dari Romawi tersebut, bangsa Spanyol kemudian membuat alat musiknya sendiri yang disebut vihuela. Sebagai hasilnya, vihuela menjadi populer di Spanyol sementara alat-alat musik pendahulu...

Drums

The drum is a member of the percussion group of musical instruments . In the Hornbostel-Sachs classification system, it is a membranophone . [1] Drums consist of at least one membrane , called a drumhead or drum skin, that is stretched over a shell and struck, either directly with the player's hands, or with a percussion mallet , to produce sound. There is usually a resonant head on the underside of the drum. Other techniques have been used to cause drums to make sound, such as the thumb roll . Drums are the world's oldest and most ubiquitous musical instruments, and the basic design has remained virtually unchanged for thousands of years. [1] Drums may be played individually, with the player using a single drum, and some drums such as the djembe are almost always played in this way. Others are normally played in a set of two or more, all played by one player, such as bongo drums and timpani . A number of different drums together with cymbals form the basic modern dru...

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